Why a Student Writer is Invaluable

Why a Student Writer is InvaluableA thesis writer is not as important as a real expert, but one is invaluable when it comes to writing academic papers. Many people think that students can do what they like in the course of learning and should not be held accountable for their ideas. They do not give any value to the thesis writer, except by praising their education. That is the wrong approach to take.Writing a thesis is a part of the learning process, which requires full value from the student. The task demands a deep understanding of the subject. To write a good thesis, a good reader, who is not forced to the bottom of the paper, is needed.The only way to ensure the student writer is in demand is to provide an incentive, so that he or she is motivated to write the project in the time-line, when it is required. An example is an incentive for good grades in an exam. For an education student, that would mean a free meal for two if they get a good mark in the course. In such a case, get ting an assignment of less importance would not matter.An incentive of a job in the college will also work wonders. In fact, there is no better incentive than being able to work. This is because the temptation of a job may be too much to resist if they do not work. However, being allowed to work on a part-time basis for the benefit of your education will improve your grades.However, an incentive of extra money is even better. There are many jobs in the colleges and universities, where one is paid more than others. Therefore, employers are not worried about whether or not a student has done well in the course. So, employers prefer to hire a student with good grades, because if the student has not shown an inclination for a full-time job, then they would have to pay higher salaries. When a student is exceptional in the subject, they can get themselves into a great position, especially if they get themselves an excellent student writer. This will enable them to complete the course easi ly, which may be essential for them in their future. It will also give them more satisfaction knowing that the job is working for them.Thesis writers also help in making a fair ranking of the course based on the quality of the work. When the teaching is written by an expert in the subject, it will not be overrated in the rankings. Therefore, the best of the article should receive recognition in the rankings, which is the result of the thesis writer's work.

A Brief Note On Stress And Coping Theory - 990 Words

Stress and coping theory refers to that a stressful event put a family into crisis, the family’s perception of the event and the family’s available resources can lead families to adjust to a better or worse outcome. The family stressor can be either positive or negative (Price, Price Mckenry, 2010). Family conflict is a stressful event to a family. Every family role can potentially be a victim of violence, such as partner, elderly or a child (Gelles, 2010). There are many factors included in the stressful event, violence. Children are more likely to suffer violence from mothers, wives are having higher chances to be abused by husbands and boys have higher rates to violent siblings. Moreover, low-income households are under higher risk of experience domestic violence, minorities are also considered as having higher rates of violence, hard times in lives, including being a single parent, are also associated with more violence, socially isolated is also contributes to the problem, adults who have been abused as children are more likely to implement violence on others (Galles, 2010). There are some coping resources, such as programs, are existed for victims to get over the hard time. For instance, in Zimbabwe, 16 days session has been held to help people raise the awareness of violence (Leeder, 2004). Other programs are also available resources for family coping process. Actions taken on removing children from an abusive family, and help women found a shelter or safe placeShow MoreRelatedCoping Mechanism: The Pianist1732 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, music did not always function successfully for Szpilman as a coping mechanism. In The Pianist, the emotional healing powers of music do not lie within music’s ability to escape into alternate, more desirable realities as a means of coping with a stressful situation. Rather, it is music’s ability to express emotions and reflect on complex experiences in order to begin to process them, which successfully function as coping mechanisms for Szpilman, allowing him to free his mind of burdensomeRead MoreApplication Of Theory Guidelines1693 Words   |  7 Pages Application of Theory Guidelines Yi Duan Low SUNY Upstate Medical University NURS 609 Family Psychiatric and Mental health Theory Professor: Prof. Patricia Powers Introduction The nationwide health promotion and disease prevention plan, Healthy People 2020, recognizes that mental health promotion and mental health reduction is one of the most significant health objectives. Statistics have indicated that mental health disorders are the leading cause of disability in United States andRead MoreMedical Health Promotion And Disease Prevention Plan1467 Words   |  6 PagesNUR 609 : Application of Theory Guidelines Yi Duan Low SUNY Upstate Medical University NURS 609 Family Psychiatric and Mental health Theory Professor: Prof. Patricia Powers Introduction The nationwide health promotion and disease prevention plan, Healthy People 2020, recognizes that mental health promotion and mental health reduction as one of the most significant health objectives. Statistic indicated that mental health disorders are the leading cause of disability in United States and CanadaRead MoreThe Role of a Community Counselor1735 Words   |  7 Pagescompetence and oriented toward social justice (Lewis, Lewis, Daniels, amp; DAndrea, 2011). While this definition may serve as a starting point, any meaningful understanding of the role and function of a Community counselor requires more than a brief description or a cursory glance at a definition. The community counseling model is based on four fundamental assumptions and several concepts. The first assumption is: â€Å"1. Human development and behavior take place in environmental contexts that haveRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesthe differences between rational though ts and irrational thoughts. Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy takes into account the ecosystem that the child is a part of. Goals of treatment may also involve therapeutic interventions for the parent. A brief history of Cognitive Behavior Therapy began with Albert Ellis: â€Å"Ellis developed and popularized the ABC model of emotions, and later modified the model to the A-B-C-D-E approach. In the 1990s Ellis renamed his approach Rational Emotive BehaviorRead MoreDiscovering Psychology1356 Words   |  6 Pagesgoverning your current class modality. Course Materials Hockenbury D. H. Hockenbury S. E. (2014) Discovering psychology (6th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: A Brief History of Psychology The Brain and Mind Details Due Points Objectives 1.1 Describe the major perspectives in the field of psychology. 1.2 Identify research methods used by psychologists. 1.3 Identify major ethical issuesRead MorePsychological And Mental Health Response Essay1803 Words   |  8 Pagesfor posttraumatic stress disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), and most people appear to fully recover from any adverse effect within a relatively short period of time, and to successfully overcome potentially traumatic events with little or no disruption in their normal ability to function (Shalev, 2002). Therefore, it is important to note that â€Å"the emergence of interest in the concept of resilience comes at the peak of success of the concept of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),Read MoreResilience and Leadership4199 Words   |  17 Pages TABLE OF CONTENTs Introduction 2 Resilience - defined 2 Resilience and peripheral factors 3 Resilience and coping 4 Resilience and Efficiency 6 Resilience and Leadership 7 Leadership 9 Full Range Leadership Theory 11 Transformational Leadership 12 Transformational Leadership and Resilience 15 Conclusion 16 Bibliography 18 Introduction Resilience - defined In literal context, elasticity and flexibility can be termed as two most appropriate synonyms for the word ResilienceRead MoreInterpersonal Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1560 Words   |  7 Pagespost traumatic stress disorder to reduce psychiatric symptoms in adults and adolescents. Interpersonal psychotherapy relieves depression symptoms as a result of an individual s interpersonal difficulties with other significant relationships to improve interpersonal relationship functioning and communication effectiveness (Bernecker, Constantino, Pazzaglia, Ravitz, McBride, 2013). This intervention is based upon Attachment Theory, Interpersonal Theory, and Social Learning Theory (Gledhill HodesRead MoreHow Society Views Mental Health Changed over Time3368 Words   |  14 Pagesthe situation in hand which way would she go, good or bad meaning action response or palliative coping. If the patient is controlled by others or feels disempowered then they could become increasingly helpless whereby they completely rely on others and depend on them to make decisions for them this could also Increase stress. This essay will provide a definition of the term psychology and look at a brief history of how psychology originated. It will discuss psychological theorists and look at how

Terrorism Change Over The Years - 970 Words

Veronica Olivares Ms. Garvin World History 14 March 2016 Terrorism Change Over the Years Throught the years terrorism have drastically changed our point of view of the world. In the 20th century terrorist did not have that much of technology to work with including aviation. Now a days they have more methods and forms to attack countries and states. A brief definition of terrorism is a use of violence acts to scare people in an area as a way to achieve political goals. Terrorism is the cause of many wars throughout history continues to this day leading to nations; such as Iraq and the United States fighting to rid the world of this evil. The use of terrorism started in 1795 relating to the reign of terror leaded by the French Government. The reason people become terrorist is because they see it as their only choice or is a sign for defending their religion. â€Å"The personal pathway model suggests that terrorists came from a selected, at risk population, who have suffered from early damage to their self-esteem,† (p sychologist Eric D. Shaw). This explains how young adults are becoming terrorist to find themselves, also because they are not happy with who they are. Terrorist technology has changed over the course. Terrorists have a lot of different ways to attack. They often attack on big activities like marathons, festivals, train station etc†¦ One thing they use most is hijacking. When they hijack you take control of boats,Show MoreRelatedEnergy Sanctions Case Study1248 Words   |  5 Pageseconomic interest†. Energy sanctions are often implemented for reasons including human rights issues, terrorism exportation, and national aggression. Sanctions can be put on a country by just the United Sates or Internationally. Countries such as Russia can be put under sanctions due to their violation of human rights. Iran is questioned for increased sanctions due to their large magnitude of terrorism exportation. North Korea raised questions of increased energy sanctions due to their repres entationRead MoreTerrorism And The Global Terrorism Database Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Terrorism Database (GTD) through the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) through the University of Maryland from 1970 through 1999 there were on average six terror attacks per day across the globe for this thirty year period resulting in about a 70,000 total attacks. Now if we look at the twenty-first century we have a similar story. From 2000 through 2014 the world experienced about 72,000 total attacks. However, this is concerning because this is a fifteen year period andRead MoreThe Construction Of The War On Terrorism1103 Words   |  5 Pagessociety is characterized as â€Å"terrorism.† In the context of international relations, terrorism is one of the most challenged definitions. The term â€Å"terrorism† is politically and emotionally charged, which has made it difficult for the international community to develop a universally agreed upon definit ion. In a general sense, terrorism can be expressed as the use or threatened use of force against civilians to provoke political or social change. Shared elements of terrorism also include that it is politicalRead MoreThe Effects Of Terrorism On Terrorism And Terrorism944 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Terrorism â€Å"The history of terrorism is a history of well-known and historically significant individuals, entities, and incidents associated, whether rightly or wrongly, with terrorism,† (History of Terrorism). The history of terrorism is a long bloody road. One of the bloodiest of acts of terrorism in the early years, was the reign of terror. In which, the Jacobin leader, Maximilien Robespierre, executed 40,000 people. Newspapers coined the word â€Å"Terrorism† as a way of describing RobespierreRead MoreComparative Politics : Terrorism Edition952 Words   |  4 PagesComparative Politics: Terrorism Edition Over the last couple of decades, terrorism has risen from near-obscurity to become a commonly held fear among members of society. Up until the late 90’s, incidents of terrorism never rose past 500. The numbers spiked the years following, reaching over 6,500 in 2006. (Mohamed, Roser) No longer can we dismiss acts of terrorism as irrelevant or isolated incidents. At first glance, terrorism seems irrational with motives too diverse to narrow down. For the sakeRead MorePersuasive Essay On Terrorism1496 Words   |  6 PagesInstead, we should accept the risk and live our lives to the full. (Starling) The issue of terrorism is that it doesn’t stop and it’s been going on for years now, and it seems that the people haven’t done much to stop this. The reasoning is that since terrorism has been a thing for a while they have probably seen everything that they can do, so by trying to fight it, it will most likely become even worse. Terrorists are attacking more relig ious people than non-religious people because they mightRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1168 Words   |  5 Pagesplanes were highjacked and flown into the twin towers as a suicide mission. This was the first major terrorist attack on the United States. Terrorism has taken so many innocent lives. Its an issue we deal with on a daily basis. Because of this, President George Bush took extreme measures and was very successful on the global war on terror. He made multiple changes to laws and regulations to help keep American citizens safe. Despite the extreme measures former president George Bush took, the war on terrorRead MoreEvidence Of The Changing Roles Of Women In Women And Women984 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific roles and women predominantly provided a support type role (Bakker de Leede, 2015). This was in the form of bearing children or recruiters (Bloom, 2011). This has been evolving with instances of women actively engaging in violent Islamic terrorism (Bloom, 2011) . High-profile cases of home-grown radicalisation of females of a British background like that of ‘Samantha Lewthwaite’ and Sally Jones’ could be examples of a new breed of female terrorist (Bakkers de Leede, 2015; Berkowitz LingRead MoreDomestic Terrorism : A National Assessment Of State And Local Preparedness Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesHoffman published their study Domestic Terrorism: A National Assessment of State and Local Preparedness to examine the issues and problems state and local law enforcement agencies faced while dealing with the threat of terrorism in the United States. More specifically, researchers sought to identify how agencies at those two different levels perceived the terrorist threat in the United States, as well as learning how those agencies manage the threat of terrorism and plan and organize their responseRead MoreLiving With Terrorism Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pages Terrorism has been in existence for ages, and is still relatively difficult to define. Though the word terror is clear, when it becomes applied to acts, or actors, it becomes confusing. A definition that can be retrieved from Google is â€Å"the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims†. This gives a vague idea of what terrorism truly is. A more in-depth definition of terrorism would include characteristics such as, a crime of holy duty, a political tactic or strategy, an inexcusable

Foreshadowing in Toni Morrisons Beloved - Foreshadowing...

Foreshadowing in Belovednbsp;nbsp; nbsp; In the novel Beloved, Toni Morrison addresses many broad themes and issues that are continually reoccurring throughout the book.nbsp; Morrison uses each one of the characters to aid in the development of her novel.nbsp; Sethe, Denver, and Beloved, all main characters in this book, represent many of the large issues.nbsp; One of the major themes in the novel is portrayed with the falling of Beloved, Sethe, and Denver in the ice-skating scene.nbsp; In the second section of Beloved, Morrison uses the dramatic ice-skating scene to foreshadow the deterioration of the relationships with in the family that occurs with the loss of Sethes job. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The ice-skating†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Not long after the ice-skating scene we see how Sethe begins to fall. Sethes first major stumble deals with the loss of her job.nbsp; For many years Sethe was an extremely hard worker at a restaurant in town and never missed a day of work in her life. However, after Beloved started becoming more dependent upon Sethe, demanding more and more from her mother, Sethe found it nearly impossible to maintain a job.nbsp; Sethe played games all day long with Beloved and she took to going to work later and later each day until the predictable happened: Sawyer, her boss, told her not to come back (240).nbsp; With the termination from Sethes job resulted in a feeling of apathy. Sethe wished to put all of her time and energy into Beloveds happiness because of the terrible guilt she had inside.nbsp; Sethe felt extremely ashamed for killing her daughter. Therefore, Sethe would do anything for Beloved. Anything Belove d was craving, Sethe made sure her daughter received. Beloved took advantage of her mothers behavior and drained her of everything.nbsp; HoursShow MoreRelatedToni Morrisons Beloved Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagessubstantial damage to a person’s psychological development. Linda Krumholz in the African American Review claims the book Beloved by Toni Morrison aids the nation in the recovery from our traumatic history that is blemished with unfortunate occurrences like slavery and intolerance. While this grand effect may be true, one thing that is absolute is the lesson this book preaches. Morrison’s basic message she wanted the reader to recognize is that life happens, people get hurt, but to let the negative experiencesRead MoreEssay on The Song of Solomon2983 Words   |  12 Pages Book Title Song of Solomon Author Toni Morrison Summary The first black boy ever born in Mercy Hospital in a town in Michigan comes into the world the day after an insurance agent named Robert Smith kills himself by trying to â€Å"fly† from the roof of the hospital across Lake Superior. The boys mother, Ruth, nurses him until he is eight or nine years old, thus earning him the ridiculous nickname Milkman. Milkman befriends an older boy named Guitar, visits his Aunt Pilate, and falls in love withRead MoreEssay about A Mercy Notes4980 Words   |  20 PagesSome notes for Toni Morrisons novel A Mercy (2008)      Part 1: Page and chapter numbers by day for the current edition we are using:      Date   Chapters   Old numbers   New Numbers   Day 30, Weds. 11/14/12   1-4   1-66   3-78   Day 31, Fri., 11/16/12   5-8   67-134   79-158   Day 32, Mon 11/19/12   9-12   135-167   159-196      Part 2: Chronology of Events   Before the story begins, the Blacksmith’s male line has passed down from father to son the art of smelting ore into iron in Africa in termite mines.   The Blacksmith

What Are The Withdrawal Symptoms - 816 Words

HPE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What are the withdrawal symptoms? 2. What support is available for teenagers who are addicted? 3. What strategies could Teenagers use to combat peer pressure? WHAT ARE COCAINE WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS? The most commonly cited Gawin and Kleber undertook study into cocaine withdrawal in 1986. Using data collected from 30 cocaine-dependent outpatients, the investigators reported three distinct phases ( crash , withdrawal and extinction ) of the withdrawal process: †¢ Phase one, the crash , developed rapidly following abrupt cessation of heavy cocaine use and was characterised by acute dysphoria, irritability and anxiety, increased desire for sleep, exhaustion, increased appetite, decreased craving to use.†¦show more content†¦The 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health estimates that about 0.7 percent of kids over the age of 12 used cocaine in the month prior to the survey and another 0.1 percent abused crack in the same time period. Many parents have enrolled their teens into a program called Teen Challenge to help those with a teen drug addiction. This program is extremely successful and transforming the lives of Teens who are addicted to drugs and alcohol. Teen Challenge is designed to help teens turn their lives around, rebuild relationships and, most of all, break the cycle of addiction and not relapse. A by-product of this life rebuilding process is a reduction in drug and alcohol crime in the community. What strategies could teenagers use to combat peer pressure? A very simple and probably the most basic one would be to stop hanging out with the people that do drugs and force peer pressure upon you. Teenagers should surround themselves with good people and that will help them become a better person and deal with peer pressure and will most likely shape what kind of person they’ll become in the future but not only that but even shaping the future career wise is always a possibility. Parents can play a huge role in the difference of their child becoming a drug addict because of peer pressure or them living up to their expectations simply by guiding them in the right direction and maybe keep a closer eye out on them wont do any harm although teenagers

Education Is The For A Country - 1197 Words

For a country that places such a huge emphasis on being educated, it is incomprehensible for some to imagine why such a large number of people take accessible education for granted. Many have the idea that this is due to people having become lazy over time. I, however, believe that this disinterest in education is due primarily to the singular way in which everyone is expected to learn. Education is formally defined as, â€Å"the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university† (â€Å"Education† def. 1). To have education is to acquire information in a way that follows structured procedure. One flaw in following this definition exclusively is that it fails to acknowledge other ways in which a person can learn effectively. In the United States, education is thought of in a very black and white manner. To be educated is to go to a traditional school to learn math, science, history, English for approximately 14 years; add anothe r 4 years of higher education, and only then is someone truly educated. Although this is considered to be the most effective path, the average person will graduate from a traditional high-school having forgotten most of what they were taught. Even when considering this, it remains more acceptable for someone to graduate school having forgotten most of what they learned, than for someone to thoroughly educate themselves about a topic in a non-traditional setting. Although I do agree that it is beneficial for everyoneShow MoreRelatedEducation and Country Development1006 Words   |  4 PagesCONSIDER THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION TO A COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT Education is the procedure of acquiring knowledge. Everyone would concur that education is the fundamental means of life. It’s objective is to mentally, physically, and emotionally promote the person by putting them in a better place then they were previously in before. Proper education comes in many different forms. Granted it is important to study the essential academic courses including reading, writing, arithmetic, science, andRead MoreEducation Is The Best Country Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever wondered why our country is ranked low in comparison to other countries when it comes to education? Our country is said to be the best country in the world; yet when one takes a closer look on our system, defects are bound to be found. Take a look at our education for instance. We have the least productive schools in the nation. The truth is that the board of education has dumbed down the system due to a decrease in testing averages. The educational system has not remained the sameRead MoreThird World Countries Education788 Words   |  4 PagesChildren in Trouble The object of education, is to prepare young children to educate themselves throughout their lives, but schools in third world countries do not have this opportunity. The third world education system needs first world help. However, the first world is not fulfilling their global responsibilities to help these countries. Children in third world counties, such as Haiti and Papa New Guinea, deserve a better education and more support. Education in the third world faces challengesRead MoreThe Differences Between Countries And Education980 Words   |  4 Pages The differences of countries also affect their system of education. Education is really important to every single person in all parts of the world. Philippines is a country that was influenced a lot by the United States. Although this may be true, the system of education in both countries is different. The standards of education in the United States are higher than most of the countries. However, the secondary education in the Ph ilippines is approved by the government to change to a curriculum likeRead MoreParagraph On Education Within Countries1040 Words   |  5 PagesEducation within Countries Many people have always thought, that the United States of America has always been ahead of every other country in the world. Whether it is in the economy, army, or in the educational field people think that the U.S is superior. What people do not know is that we are not the only country out there. The United States might be greater and better in quality in some areas, but education is definitely not. We are the U.S and we struggle because we want to! because we are lazyRead MoreEducation Barriers Of Poor Countries1971 Words   |  8 PagesNatasha Juvera Professor Martineau English 122 3 April 2016 Education Barriers in Poor Countries According to a new UNESCO policy paper 58 million children aged 6 to 11 are not receiving any education. Over 40% of these children will never enter a classroom (Unesco.org). In Afghanistan, President Hamid Karzai said, â€Å"almost half of school-age children do not have access to education. Some because of war or their schools have closed by the Taliban or others, or they do not have the ability to go toRead MoreThe Wealth of a Country and Education Essay2242 Words   |  9 PagesThe connections among wealth and poverty, housing and education and war and crime are apparent when looking at the data provided from the Atlas of the Real World. The wealth of a country is a key factor in the success of the education system. If a country can afford to maintain and develop their education system, the people will benefit. It is crucial to understand the general statistics of each: wealth and poverty; housing and education; and war and crime before analyzing how each connects withRead Mor eEducation is Key to the Development of a Country Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesof a country is not measured by the literacy rate of the country or number of people who are educated. One cannot say that a country is developed and progressive only by taking account of its literacy rate. There are many other factors like peace, security and stable economy which are also responsible for economic development and progress of a country. Srilanka is a country with 91.2 % literacy rate (UNICEF). This literacy rate is highest among the other South-Asian countries but the country is stillRead MoreThe Importance Of Education For A Country s Development1547 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the importance of education to a country’s development. Now day s education playsa very vital role in our lives.Education gain under the guidance of others, but it memorizesMay also train themselves.It is commonly divided into phases such as pre-school, elementary school, secondary school and after that college or university.A right has been recognized by governments. The foundation of a country becomes strong with a high literacy ratio; society also becomes well civilized and broadmindedRead MoreWhy Education Is Important For Developing Countries Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesName: Title: Institution: Education is very essential in advancing the lives of many people in developing nations; diverse partners and governments have teamed up to bolster the advancement of essential education in developing countries. Education is broadly viewed as the course to financial flourishing, the way to logical and innovative headway, the way to battle unemployment, the establishment of social value, and the spread of political and social imperatives (Chapman Austin, 2002). While progress

The North And South Fought The Civil War - 811 Words

Suppose you are taking a course on 19th-century America, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: Compare and contrast the reasons why the North and South fought the Civil War. You turn on the computer and type out the following: The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, some of which were the same and some different. This weak thesis restates the question without providing any additional information. You will expand on this new information in the body of the essay, but it is important that the reader know where you are heading. A reader of this weak thesis might think, â€Å"What reasons? How are they the same? How are they different?† Ask yourself these same questions and begin to compare Northern and Southern attitudes (perhaps you first think, â€Å"The South believed slavery was right, and the North thought slavery was wrong†). Now, push your comparison toward an interpretation—why did one side think slavery was right and the other side think it was wrong? You look again at the evidence, and you decide that you are going to argue that the North believed slavery was immoral while the South believed it upheld the Southern way of life. You write: While both sides fought the Civil War over the issue of slavery, the North fought for moral reasons while the South fought to preserve its own institutions. Now you have a working thesis! Included in this working thesis is a reason for the war and some idea of how the two sidesShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War the Real Reason830 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War:The Real ReasonWhat was the Civil War  The Civil War began April 12, 1861 with the attacks of Fort Sumter, and did not end until April 9, 1865 with the surrender of General Robert E. Lee of the Confederate Army. Over 620,000 died in the war, along with disease killing twice as many as those lost in battle. 50,000 survivors returned home as amputees. So why was this war fought?A common misconception   It is a commonly held view that President Lincoln fought the Civil War to free the slavesRead MoreSilent Sam, By Julia Craven908 Words   |  4 PagesSilent Sam is a memorial in the middle of the University of North Carolina’s campus built to honor students who left school and fought in the Civil War. The Civil War was a war between the northern and southern states fought o ver slavery. Many students now think that the statue is offensive because the people that it honors fought for the South and supported slavery. Silent Sam was erected in 1913 for 321 UNC students who fought in the Civil War. It’s called Silent Sam because he has no ammunition soRead MoreAnalysis Of James Mcpherson s What They Fought For 1861-1865 933 Words   |  4 PagesJames McPherson the author of What They Fought For 1861-1865, thesis states that the soldiers from both the North and South fought for a large extent for ideology, and not exclusively as brothers in war with other soldiers, for principles of strength or courage, and for the nations of honor and duty. McPherson uses hundreds of letters and diaries from soldiers from both the Union and Confederate troops to show their experience. He tries to focus on a variety of attitudes and motives from the volunteerRead MoreThe Civil War Was Fought Over African American Freedom1331 Words   |  6 Pagesquestioned what was the cause of the civil war. Till this day there has not been a straightforward answer, but many people still have different views and beliefs o n what caused it. Many people believe that political issues or even taxation was the cause of the civil war. However, it was really over slavery. This essay will go over the civil war and explain why slavery caused the southerners and northerners to fight in the civil war. To what extent was the Civil War fought over African American freedom Read MoreThe Civil War : The Battle Of Antietam969 Words   |  4 Pagesthere was a war that happened that caused many people to die in the war, which was Civil War. The Civil War was a war that was fought between the Union and Confederate parts of United States. The Union was in the North, and the Confederates were in the South. There were many reasons why the battles were fought. During the Civil War, the president was Abraham Lincoln. There were many reasons why the war was fought, but the main reason was to keep the country together. Before the war, the North and SouthRead MoreThe Civil War Was A Devastating Time For The United States Of America883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was a devastating time for the United States of America. During this time the United States was divided. The Civil War was a four year long battle. It is known as one of the bloodiest battles ever fought. Consequently it was fough t between people of the same country. We were divided between the North and the South. The cause of the Civil War was slavery. The North was against it and wanted slavery abolished. On the other hand the South did not want to part with slavery. Both the NorthRead MoreArticle Analysis: The Way We Lived by FM Binder and DM Reimers924 Words   |  4 Pagesarticles on Civil war that tend to dispel many myths about this period in history. There was the popular belief that Civil war was essentially fought on the grounds of justice and that eradication of slavery was the main reason. But the article shatters that myth to reveal that Civil war had many other purposes as well and its main objective was not end of slavery. Civil war was mainly fought as a show of power between the south and the north and its main objective was to subjugate the south so thatRead MoreJust War Theory and the Movie Glory913 Words   |  4 PagesMovie Review – The Just War Theory and â€Å"Glory† RS-289-WB - Religion, War Peace Glory is a movie that reenacts the formation of the first Negro infantry, the 54th Massachusetts, during the Civil War. Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, the volunteer Massachusetts infantry endured grueling training and strict discipline. Under his watchful eye, they slowly transformed from being wild and unruly to proud, courageous, and patriotic soldiers. Although the North believed in the abolition of slaveryRead MoreCauses of the American Civil War Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pagesversion of the civil war and even now I am just coming to a full understanding of the truth. The civil war was a terrible rift in our nation, fought between the northern states (known as the union) and the southern states (the Confederate States of America). The people’s opinions were so divided over the issues of the civil war that, in some families, brother was pit against brother. Eventually, the south succumbed to the north and surrendered on April 9th, 1865 but not before the war had ca used 618Read MorePrimary Causes Of The Civil War820 Words   |  4 Pagesand standpoints on why the Civil War had been fought but the primary reason why the Civil War started over uncompromisable differences between free Southern states and pro-slavery Northern states and their controversy over government power and slave laws. Fought during April of 1861 to 1865, the Civil War had divided the country into a frenzy against each other. In fact, a devastating 620,000 soldiers had died from accident, combat, starvation and disease, the deadliest war in American history. To add

Trademark Protection and E-Commerce-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Trademark Protection and E-Commerce. Answer: Introduction Intellectual property (IP) is a statutory term that refers to the industrial property rights. It deals with the protection of trademark, copyrights, designs and patents rights. Despite being intangible, it holds significant value similar to the tangible or physical property. The value of the IP rights have enhanced owing to its relevance in advanced technology of the contemporary era. IP includes original expressions, new ideas, distinctive appearance and names that make a product valuable and unique. IP is closely related to e-commerce as more than any other business systems, e-commerce includes selling of services and products that mostly related to IP and its licensing. For instance, music, software, photos, designs, etc are all traded through e-commerce and IP being the main component of such services and products it holds great importance[1]. The research paper aims at analyzing two jurisdictions in the context of International treaties, impact of the online commerce in the enha nced utility of Trademark as a means of a brand protection. It shall also discuss how online commerce affects some aspects of rights enforcement by stakeholders. The two different jurisdictions include China and USA and this paper shall determine the interdependence of the e-commerce and intellectual property at the international level. The rationale for selecting the two jurisdictions is that USA is one of the economic superpower of the world and China is considered as the upcoming economic superpower and protection of IP rights, in particular, trademark law is a fundamental element of a successful economy. The two nations are globally recognized for their excellent centers for trade and commerce. China and Trademark protection China first enacted legislation on trademark of the country in 1950 and 1963. The trademark legislation in 1963 became effective in 1980 when the country became a state party to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The domestic statutes that govern the trademarks laws in the country include the Trademark Law 2013 and the Implementing Regulation of the Trademark Law 2014[2]. While the enactment of the Trademark law, there was no specific definition of what constituted a trademark and did not include any precise definition of the terms collective marks, or service marks[3]. At the time of enactment of the trademark legislation in the country, majority of the Chinese companies were owned by the state due to which the competition and infringement of services and products were very less. The emergence of a market economy in China and the gradual rise in the competition between the services and goods led several companies to imitate the reputable service marks of other companies. Consequently, this led to unfair confusion and competition, which eventually affected the reputation of the original owners of such marks. This is one significant reason why the country enacted legislations to safeguard the trademark rights. The Trademark Law describes a registered trademark as one that has been registered and approved. Subsequent to the registration of the trademark, the registrant becomes entitled to the legal protection of the trademark exclusively. Although the law does not prevent the use of a trademark that is not registered, only that such trademark is excluded from the legal protection that is otherwise accorded to a registered trademark. Since the trademark law of the country, do not provide any precise definition of the term trademark, it provides that designs, words or combination of the two may be used as trademarks which should be distinctive to be distinguishable from other words, designs or combination of both[4]. Therefore, in general, any mark that is used as a trademark refers to a mark that is distinct and different from other forms of marks. Registered trademark is denoted with an encircled letter R and the validity of registered trademark lasts until 10 years subsequent to its approval. The first amendment of the 1993 Trademark law extended protection to include service marks and making all the legal provisions applicable to trademarks to be equally applicable to service marks. However, despite such extension, neither the statute nor the amendment defined service marks or trademarks. This omission distinguishes the Trademark law from other regional intellectual property laws and Chinese intellectual property laws. China and International treaties China is a signatory to the following IP-related international treaties include the Madrid Agreement, the Madrid Protocol, the Berne Convention, the Nice Agreement, the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and the Paris Convention[5]. In case of any dispute, international treaties shall prevail over the national statutes[6]. The country agreed to the international treaties to strengthen the trademark laws of the country especially the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (Madrid Agreement) and the International Convention for the Protection of Industrial property (Paris Convention) in 1989[7]. However, Turban (2018) states that despite persisting broadcast by the country of his intellectual property laws and assenting to international treaties, the trademark laws of the country failed to provide sufficient protection to the trademark rights[8]. Further, there is sufficient evidence to establish that China failed to provide maximum benefits to the foreigners from its membership in those Foreign or International conventions[9]. United States and International treaties on Trademark protection While the agreement of the country with the Paris Convention obligated China to safeguard service marks, there were no such methods implemented until the trademark laws was amended in 1993. Giuffrida (2017) states that as per a US trade organization, the International Intellectual Property Alliance estimated that the country has caused a loss of $415 million to the US industries due to the failure of the county to safeguard US intellectual property adequately which resulted in sale of printed goods in the year 1988. In 1991, the US government decided that the country warranted a Special 301 investigation under Title III of the Trade Act of 1974 for its failure to implement intellectual property protections. In order to prevent further loss in US businesses, United States and China signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in January 1992 whereby both countries agreed to make the laws on infringement of intellectual property rights. Later, the United States agreed to terminate the Special 301 investigations and removed China from its list of priority countries. The Chinese legislators considered amendment of the trademark law to address issues pertaining to protection of service marks, registration of trademarks by deceptive means and the using administrative regions as the name of trademark. Trademarks owned by big US companies that spent large amounts of capital, resources and labor to develop them can be stolen easily through internet or using other means[10]. The Trademark Treaties and International Law (TTIL) Committee include treaties of the US and other foreign countries as well as that of intergovernmental organizations, regulations, statutes or rules that are related to copyright, trademark or patents, unfair competition which are likely to affect the US companies[11]. The US law applicable to trademarks includes the regulations of the US Trademark law, Rule of Practice, Federal Statutes, 15 U.S.C and 35 U.S.C. 1. The secondary sources include Trademark Manual of Examining Procedure 2009 as well as the Listing of Some US Code Sections Protecting Specific Names, Marks and Terms 2009. In regards to the international treaties to which the US is a signatory is the General Inter-American Convention for Trademark and Commercial Protection [1931]. The Federal registration of the trademarks is not valid outside the country. Trademarks rights are territorial and right pertaining to particular trademark exist only within the country that has granted such rights. The US has not signed the Madrid Agreement unlike China, as the international application depended upon the national registration. In other words, the US trademark registration was much longer compared to other nations. The US has faced one essential problem with the Protocol with respect to the description of goods. Where the domestic trademark law of the US requires applicants to enumerate the goods and services associated with the mark specifically, other countries permit for wider association of marks with the goods and services. In fact, the International registration under the Madrid Protocol permits the scope of the trademark protection to rely upon the basic registration. Therefore, US registrants are restricted to the strict association of marks and goods require d by US law. In 2016, the Chinese Government published the draft of its first E-commerce law that aimed at including all the major characteristics of e-commerce, which includes payment and delivery methods as well. The law purports to fortify IP rights and to rebuke the retailers of the fake products and the persons committing infringements. As per the statistical reports, China e- commerce Research center exhibits that the trading volume of e-commerce market in China reached 7.85 trillion RMB in 2012 and 10.5 trillion RMB in 2013. In 2017, the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress published the second draft of the e-commerce law which aimed at regulating the rapidly growing e-commerce sector and thus, facilitate growth and maintain market order as well as to eliminate counterfeits and scams. E-commerce law: China and USA At present, the most active e-commerce websites concentrate on the industries like apparel, horticulture, agriculture, textile, machinery and equipment, digital household appliances, food and wine, hardware and tools, pharmaceuticals and healthcare[12]. In addition to this growing online trend, the provisions pertaining to protection of intellectual property rights in the online sphere is being subjected to variety of challenges. According to Cheung, Ming and Cheng-Fu Yang (2016), the important aspects of e-commerce that distinguishes it from the conventional economic model is a hub for transaction and information. In other words, it is the network that is differentiates the modern e-commerce oriented economy from the traditional economy of the country. Therefore, the complete transaction process including the payment, information transfer and the delivery of physical commodities that usually occur and are completed concurrently in the conventional form of transactions[13]. This enti re process is differentiated in e-commerce and is completed due to the participation of several service providers. Kotabe (2014) states that these differences result in two types trademark infringement issues in e-commerce. Firstly, majority of the issues take place in the technological data sectors. In regards to the traditional economic mode, transactions are often associated with physical goods like circulation and display of such goods[14]. The definition of trademark law in the light of traditional infringement is based on the characteristics that transactions are associated with physical products directly. For instance, using of trademarks on goods, selling counterfeit goods, etc. On the other hand, Turban (2018) asserts that the e-commerce mode provides information online. Besides the availability of massive information online, identifying, selecting and determining trading partners had become fundamental requisites for conducting a complete transaction, which is equally important as the product itself. The issue that may arise is whether the new form of using trademark that deals with tra nsaction information shall amount to infringement of trademark. Secondly, the other significant issue that may arise is related to the joint infringement of trademark that is, to determine the join liability in such trademark violations. This issue may arise due to the inseparable support that third party service providers extend in every transactions sector, making it one of the significant challenges in e-commerce infringement. Due to global limitations of e-commerce and its rapid growth, the regulation of e-commerce has become an intricate issue. The third party service providers in e-commerce transactions had given rise to joint infringement issues[15]. E-commerce commerce has increased the utility of Trade Marks as a means of brand protection: China and USA The term brand protection refers to online marketplace. It means preventing someone from illegally selling or making a product using a brand name that is owned by another company[16]. Branding is an important means for businesses all around the world that aims to expand their market share in other countries. One of the effective ways to establish a strong relationship between consumers and its brand is to use a unique as well as a simple name: its trademark. While selecting a trademark, it is important to avert any sort of similarity and confusion regarding the name that has been registered ready. If identical trademarks are used in correlation with identical products, it is likely to give rise o confusion. In the context of international law, TRIPS Agreement deals with this problem under Article [16(1)], which states that the use of identical sign for identical services or goods may give rise to confusion and there is no requirement to establish such confusion by providing evidence as it will entitle the owner of the original trademark to full protection[17]. The negative impact of trademark infringement has led the governments undertake measures to reduce such incidence of trademark violations. Liu (2016) states that if a reputed brand is affected by several infringements such as counterfeiters place goods of inferior quality using the brand name of the original otherwise reputed company, the consumers of the brand will lose their faith and confidence in that brand, affecting both the financial as well as social reputation of the company[18]. There have been a rise in the online shopping compared to shopping from local stores and malls in the past years. There are three types of e-commerce namely, business-to-business (B2B), business-to-customer (B2C) and customer-to-customer (C2C). At present, there has been an incline in the B2c and C2C e-commerce type prevalent in China and in the US as well due to the availability of several websites and platforms, which makes such business transactions easy and convenient. E-commerce makes cross-border commerce easy and convenient as well which makes the seller and buyer gain profits[19]. However, Cheung (2018) states that with such profits and convenience relevant issues and threats also accompany such profits. The counterfeiters target certain brands more than the other brands, especially those having higher value, luxury brands dealing with designer accessories attracts more counterfeiters. Social media has become a common and easy means for the brands to enhance their customers and sales. In the absence of any effective regulations, counterfeiter uses this medium to promote their products in a zero-cost and efficiently by impersonating official brands through their personal profiles. Additionally, the counterfeiters continue to sell their fake luxury items using e-commerce websites, marketplace listings, etc. This implies that effective protection of IP rights is of great significance especially for foreign companies that are less familiar with Chinese market because Chinese e-commerce can be both intimidating and challenging at the same time[20]. China presents certain specific challenges for the owners of trademarks because in order to enter into a Chinese market, it is important that the owners adjust their brand protection strategies for addressing the problems related to Chinese counterfeits so that they can adapt to the special challenges presented by enforcement in China[21]. Successful enforcement is based on the assessment of the scope of brand infringement, which would be an efficient strategy for action and well-prepared documentation[22]. In order to create an effective enforcement strategy, it is important to comprehend the market places that allure most traffic and such market places should be subjected to constant monitoring to ensure that the products sold are legitimate. China initiated efforts to improve the protection of the IP rights and adapt to international standards when China ratified the bilateral Agreement on Trade Relations between the United States of America and Peoples Republic of China and became a signatory to the WIPO. Subsequent to the economic development, Chinese Government has been attempting to undertake effective measures to avert violation of IP rights like the recent Draft of E-Commerce law, Amendment in the Trademark Law in 2014, development of new policies against trademark infringement and an Action Plan for implementing national IP strategy[23]. The amendments in the Trademark law ensures a stronger and stringent protection system for trademarks owners as it has made proof of infringement easier and has empowered the courts to obtain accounting books of the infringer to calculate the damages. Statutory damages have been enhanced from RMB 500,000 to RMB 3,000,000. The USA pressurized China to improve its IPR protection system and some other essential International Conventions like the Paris Conventions and the Madrid agreement. However, Luo (2016) states that despite such efforts to improve the IPRs protection system and compliance with the provisions of the TRIPS agreement and WTO obligation, China failed to fulfill certain obligations to implementing effective ad stringent IP rights rules. Nica (2015) argues that the US Trade Representative (USTR) used twenty federal agencies to evaluate the activities of China. It was found that China had limited market access to foreign enterprises and goods and lacked transparency, which signified weak enforcement of IPRs. The US Chamber of Commerce and International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA) stated that China failed to reduce counterfeiting since its accession to WTO and there was lack of transparency with respect to IPR infringement data rule making and enforcement procedures. Through the mandatory WTO dispute settlement process, the US filed formal complaints against China in 2007 alleging that Chinas criminal prosecution for trademark infringement was declared void. In 2009, China notified WTO Dispute Settlement Body and US that it would require a reasonable period of time that is one year. Within 2010, China affirmed that it has satisfied the requirements that have made amendments in the trademarks regulations. E-commerce has undermined some aspects of rights enforcement by stakeholders China Due to the rapid growth in online commerce, the right owners often face with respect to trademark enforcement is sale of parallel imported goods in the sphere of e-commerce[24]. The goods include those that are though genuine, but they are sold in other countries[25]. Even majority of enforcement authorities or court put such issues to one side. In other words, the courts or the enforcement authorities are careful while determining whether such conduct amounts to violation of infringement. This attitude of courts is evident from the landmark case Victorias Secret v Shanghai Jin Tian[26] that was held for trial in the Shanghai Second Intermediate Peoples Court. However, in certain cases the courts may consider more factors such as Michelin v Tan Guoqiang[27] etc. In this case, the Changsha Intermediate Peoples Court stated that considering the security of transactions through e-commerce, the tire quality is directly associated with the property and personal safety of the passengers and the drivers[28]. Therefore, the tire manufacturers will usually produce as well as sell the tire that satisfies various geographic, climate and complete standard requirements in countries of sale. Similarly, there may be safety concerns but it still violates the legal provisions of China, hence, should be forbidden by law. Hence, Nemeth (2017) states that this case aimed at stating the principle that unauthorized sale may affect the interests of the trademark owner irrespective of the fact who manufactured the products. Chinese consumers are very conscious and perceive trademark as emblems of reputation of a firm and ensured management standard. Trademark recognition often encourages consumers to purchase a product. Therefore, trademark of products highly affects the consumers in China. Alternatively, Friedmann (2016) asserts that deceptive and manipulative use of trademarks are often used to pass fake goods as genuine good, which ultimately will have an adverse impact on the trademark holders. Hence, Chinese officials are justified in considering the trademark laws of the country to be playing a significant role in promoting the commodity economy of the country to ensure product quality and safeguarding consumer interests. The acts amounting to infringement include selling of products on e-commerce platforms, which can only be sold directly as per agreement. It includes selling of products online, which is otherwise required to be sold certain regional territory as per its agreements. Further, there are instances where luxury products with luxury brand name are sold on e-commerce whereas the selling of such goods is restricted to specific circumstances that are subjected to restrictions of the trademark owners[29]. Pras (2016) criticizes the lacunae in the trademark status of the country which fails to stipulates whether such statutes are legitimate or not. In the absence of any legal provision that renders such acts or conducts or omission as violation of the trademark law, the trademark owners face challenge with respect to their trademark protection on the internet. Further, in Nippon Company case, brought in Shanghai and Jiangsu province, the courts in both the regions stated that the defendants did not commit infringements on the ground that acts amounted to the fair use of Nippon trademarks[30]. Generally, most of the cases that are brought before the courts require determination of whether the using of others trademarks in the decoration of online amounts to trademark infringement. While determining such cases, the courts usually consider whether such use was proper and fair or whether it would confuse the public or whether such use will cause damages to the trademark owners. USA In the US, the sudden increase of user-generated content on the Internet, the competition among the advertisers and the propagation of domain name registration in order to draw attention of visitors to their respective websites, has pressurized the trademark owners to police their online use of e trademarks by third party[31]. Competitors, consumers and others are posting advertisements, posts, content on internet in which they are freely using the trademarks for their personal purposes that are originally owned by some other parties. According to Pras (2016), anyone who uses a trademark without the permission of the owner should be aware of its liability for infringing the trademark rights. Nemeth (2017) disagrees that any person who uses the unauthorized trademark of another person, such user does not become liable for infringement of trademark. The trademark owners must be able to diligently monitor the use of their trademark online and identify the difference between uses that amounts to infringement and uses that requires further monitoring and harmless uses, which should be ignored, but they do not amount to infringement. In order to safeguard trademarks from being used by others under circumstances where the use of the trademark leads to confusion, the Federal Trademark statute, the Lanham Act has been enacted. This statute created a cause of action of cyber piracy which is also known as cyber squatting that takes place when a person uses a domain name that is confusingly similar or identical to the trademark owned by the original owner. Therefore, using trademark of another party misleadingly or deliberately to deceive the consumers shall hold the person committing such infringement liable irrespective of the fact whether the trademark infringed gives rise to traditional infringement claim or it enjoys a federal trademark registration. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be inferred that China has not only made amendments to the trademark law, China has improved regulation of its e-commerce market by issuing a specific E-commerce law. The e-commerce platforms shall have particular duties and obligations among which they shall guarantee products quality, use service agreements, consumers protection, and trade policies, which regulate their relationship with customers and operators. In the context of trademark law, China and USA aims at maintaining transparency in the e-commerce platforms. Contracts shall be clearly displayed and made available on the platform website that would be filed with authorities. In the event of any modifications, any stakeholder shall be able to comment and any such operator shall have the opportunity to disagree with the modifications or leave the platform[32]. Trademark infringement and counterfeiting has always remain a significant concern for foreign brands that are willing to expand their business in China owing to rapidly growing Chinese e-commerce market. Given that IP rights are subjected to violation over the internet, in particular, provisions must be included in the e-commerce law that addresses issues pertaining to brand protection and unfair competition[33]. This will set out the unauthorized acts or omissions that amount to unfair competition, thus, fortifying the protection of the intellectual property rights. Since 2012, Chinese Government has been trying to enhance IPR protection in the country for which the country has established IP courts along with other relevant improvements. The other advancement in order to safeguard IPR protection includes enhanced supervisions and support by administrative authorities, growing importance of civil litigation and criminal enforcement of trademark infringements. Bibliography International conventions and National Laws Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights [TRIPS Agreement] Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 1886 Implementing Regulation of the Trademark Law 2014 International Convention for the Protection of Industrial property (Paris Convention) 1989 Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (Madrid Agreement) The Nice Agreement 1957 The Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (Madrid Protocol) Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China 2013 Trademark Treaties and International Law (TTIL) Committee Case Citations Michelin v Tan Guoqiang [2009]. Case No.0073 Victorias Secret v Shanghai Jin Tian [2013] E.I.P.R. 610 Journals Baek, Young-Mi. "Current status of E-commerce market in China and implication."Journal of Digital Convergence13.1 (2015): 111-124. Burmann, Christoph, et al. "Identity-Based Trademark Protection."Identity-Based Brand Management. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden, 2017. 281-289. Cheung, Ming. "28. the e-commerce revolution: ensuring trust and consumer rights in China."Handbook of Cultural and Creative Industries in China(2016): 412. Fang, Lily H., Josh Lerner, and Chaopeng Wu. "Intellectual property rights protection, ownership, and innovation: Evidence from China."The Review of Financial Studies30.7 (2017): 2446-2477. Friedmann, Danny. "Protection against Abuse of Trademark Law in Greater China: A Brief Analysis of the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan."Cal. W. Int'l LJ47 (2016): 157. Giuffrida, Maria, et al. "Cross-border B2C e-commerce to Greater China and the role of logistics: a literature review."International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management47.9 (2017): 772-795. Li, Seth Siyuan, and Elena Karahanna. "Online recommendation systems in a B2C E-commerce context: a review and future directions."Journal of the Association for Information Systems16.2 (2015): 72. Liu, Yongpei. "E-Commerce intellectual property rights protection in China."Intellectual Property Technology Law Journal28.8 (2016): 14. Luo, Kevin. "E-Commerce laws and practices in China."Ariz. J. Int'l Comp. L.33 (2016): 219. Nica, Elvira. "Positive drivers of consumer trust in e-commerce."Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics3.1 (2015): 60-65. Turban, Efraim, et al. "Business-to-Business E-Commerce."Electronic Commerce 2018. Springer, Cham, 2018. 123-166. Turban, Efraim, et al. "E-Commerce: Regulatory, Ethical, and Social Environments."Electronic Commerce 2018. Springer, Cham, 2018. 573-612. Wilson, Jeremy M. "The future of brand protection: responding to the global risk."Journal of Brand Management24.3 (2017): 271-283. Wilson, Jeremy M., Clifford Grammich, and Fiona Chan. "Organizing for brand protection and responding to product counterfeit risk: An analysis of global firms."Journal of Brand Management23.3 (2016): 345-361. Books Carpenter, Megan M. "Trademark Law Promotes Fair Competition, Not Morality." (2016). Cheung, Ming, and Cheng-Fu Yang. "The e-commerce revolution: ensuring trust and consumer rights in China."Applied System Innovation (ICASI), 2016 International Conference on. IEEE, 2016. Fox, Robert. ". Domain Registration.-. General Information-. Brand Protection-China domain registration." (2018). Heath, Davidson, and Chris Mace. "What's a Brand Worth? Trademark Protection, Profits, and Strategy." (2017). Kotabe, Masaaki, and Kristiaan Helsen.Global marketing management. 2014. Mitnick, David, Howard Greenstein, and Peter Kaminski. "System and method for onlne brand protection and registry." U.S. Patent Application No. 14/692,180. Mu, Xiao.The Evolution of Well-Known Trademark Protection in China. Diss. The University of Manchester, 2016. Nemeth, Charles P.Private security and the law. CRC Press, 2017. Pras, Matthieu. "The use requirement for trademarks: a comparative study of the French, European Union trademark and United States federal laws." (2016).

Bigi Canada Essay Example For Students

Bigi Canada Essay HUMAN RESOURCES POLICIES OF BIGI CANADA- Natalie .G. Bigi Canada Ltd. is a major competitor in the retail industry of mens and womens clothing. It operates under the familiar store name, Dynamite. The head office of Bigi Canada is in Montreal, Quebec. It has existed and catered to the Montreal community for the past twenty years. Bigi Canada is a privately owned enterprise. As a contrast to its competition, Bigi Canada does not have shares on the open market. This can be viewed as an advantage because of the personal link that the president, Giggi Sing has to his own personal investment. Another factor that gives Bigi Canada the edge on the competition is the fact that the president is a clothing wholesaler as well. Thus, most of the competition must purchase merchandise through Bigi Canada. As an organization, as diverse as Bigi Canada, with over 85 stores in Canada alone, the human resource department of the company must be extensive. Direct quotes from the interview conducted will be used throughout this paper. This paper will focus on the policies and procedures of the human resource segment of Bigi Canada Ltd. The retail industry itself is a fast paced and dynamic environment. Hence, the policies and objectives of the retailers must mirror these changes. Antionetta De Rosa was the representative interviewed. She is the director of human resources. Bigi Canada Ltd. refers to her department as being readily able to adapt to its external environment. By external environment, she is making reference to the economy, the consumers needs and the competition. This is evident within the organization as the policies that they hold are reviewed and altered on a regular basis. De Rosa adds, ?it is important for Bigi or any organization for that matter to be flexible and change with their environment.? The mission statement of Bigi Canada Ltd. is viewed semi annually. The reviews are often conducted by the vice president, the controller and the president. Reviewing the organizations missions statement is important becaus e it is within the mission statement that the purpose of the organization lies. In essence, a mission is a written statement that distinguishes an organizations official objectives. The mission of Bigi Canada includes this excerpt, ?to provide good service for all customersprovide high fashion merchandise to all our customers at affordable prices.? Having a good mission statement is imperative to an organizations success because it provides a clear sense of purpose and maintains a certain degree of focus in strategy formulation. Likewise, the goals of Bigi Canada are reviewed and revised on a monthly basis. The reviews of the goals are usually done by the vice president. The goals of the organization are met through a quota system. In this system, the organization as a whole has a primary quota for the month. From this point, the quota is divided and allocated to each store according to its volume, performance and location. The monthly quotas take into account each individual store budget. These budgets are formulated according to rent factors, clothing costs, margin profits and theft loss. Furthermore, the quotas for each month include 25% increase over last years actual sales. The objectives for Bigi Canada Ltd. for the most part are stable. The primary objective of this organization is to cater to a vast majority of people with highly fashionable and trendy merchandise at affordable prices. Likewise, another objective is to set trends in the retail industry. Also, changes to the organizations objectives are usually made in accordance to the competitors policies. For example if the competitors commence to offer promotions or changes their policies to allow refunds, then the companys policies must change as well in order to remain competitive. The strategies of the organization are viewed and altered bi-monthly. The strategies used to achieve the target quotas differ. Depending on the situation, the strategies can be used alone or in various combinations. Pos sible strategies utilized by Bigi Canada range from: repeating merchandise that was high selling, offering promotions to increase sales, reduction of merchandise that fails to sell, catering to the needs of each consumer in each location and the transferring of stock internally within the organization. This includes equipping high volume locations with fast moving merchandise. A trend in most organizations is the decentralization of authority. This is seen through shorter chains of command, wider spans of control and more lateral relations throughout the organization. (Bretton, 88) Bigi Canada Ltd. supports the decentralization of decision making and proposals through their bi-monthly Managers Meeting. Monthly staff and personnel meetings allow for greater input from the front line employees. Supervisors and managers are in constant contact with the buyers. Hence, the centralization of decision making is avoided. An important aspect of human resources is the ability to attract a qua lity work force. The recruitment process of any organization attempts to bring employment opportunities to the attention of those individuals whom possess the appropriate skills for specifications. (Bretton, 57) Bigi Canada Ltd. uses both internal and external recruitment procedures. The company tries tries to attract a quality work force through advertizing the vacancy in newspapers and on signs within the location that requires help. When recruiting managerial positions, Bigi Canada Ltd. has a distinct approach. They recruit potential managers through their competition. This is known as raiding. Raiding is taking your competitors workers and putting them into your company. By doing so, the supervisors would shop around at their competitors stores anonymously, and while shopping make a mental note whether the service they received was good and if the employee conducted themselves well, then they would offer them a job with Bigi Canada. Incentives would need to be incorporated withi n the rehiring of the ex-competitors employee to get them to switch and work for your company. Cash incentives work best. Ms. De Rosa adds, ?this way we can see the service that our competitors employees are providing for us as their customers? This enables them to acquire the experience and good sales performance necessary to be a successful manager at Bigi. Employee referrals are also another manner by which Bigi Canada recruits employees. Recruitment is also done internally. This is done as the supervisors make the present employees aware of the possible positions. The procedure that Bigi utilizes to inform its employees of the vacancies is usually through memos from the head office. Likewise, pressure is also put on the managers to recommend subordinates for promotions and advancements. Internal recruitment is preferred by Bigi Canada. his is such because not only is it inexpensive, but it also offers a degree of motivation for its members. Ms. De Rosa states that, ?internal rec ruitment offers motivation to our employees to increase their effort at work in hopes of being promoted.? Furthermore, the employees are simply being promoted thus they are aware of their past sales performance and their goals. Just as recruitment is an important function of the human resources department, so to is the training process. The training process that Bigi Canada utilizes is similar to most other retailers. They hold a Policy and Procedure Booklet and a Sales Course Training Book in each location. These books are used as references by managers and their subordinates. The training that is done within the organization is done on a personal basis. Seminars are offered to managers at their monthly meetings. At the Managers Meetings, speakers deliver presentations on the management of the store, motivation of employees and how to increase monthly sale figures. It is through these presentations that the managers are kept up-to-date and informed. This information is then relayed to the subordinate through the bi-monthly staff and personnel meetings. Newly hired employees are usually coached by managers of staff development trainees. This coaching is done on a personal basis to work on improving personal weakness and strengths. An orientation to the organization is given by the supervisors to each employee upon hiring. In order to train managers, Bigi Canada has developed a few training stores. These are locations which are high volume and where there is a competent and efficient staff. These training stores offer the new manager a simulation of the obstacles and situations that they may face within their own location. Therefore, they are able to become familiar with the companys policies and procedures. In these training stores, an experienced manager would mentor the new one. Hence, developing and instilling them with the necessary problem solving skills and thought patterns. Ms. De Rosa adds, ?we at Bigi Canada have found that our training stores are ext remely effective because no speaker can really prepare you for what you will face each day, only experience can do that.? Bigi Canada does not only offer any off the job training to its employees, but prefers their employees to have completed a grade twelve diploma. Likewise, managers are preferred to have completed a Retail Management Course, but these are not prerequisites. As Ms. De Rosa states, ?in this business the most important thing is not so much education, but the interpersonal and communication skills necessary to be successful with the customers.? The skills that are necessary for management within the organization are leadership skills, reliability, good management style and good customer service. Therefore, they encourage a team work setting for their stores. Upon hiring, Bigi Canada conducts regular performance appraisals on all employees. Like most retailers, Bigi Canada offers on the job training to its employees. However, the area that they lack in is in off the jo b training and courses that could develop their skills. Thus, not much effort or funds are allocated to carefully train their employees or in their continued education. Performance appraisals in Bigi Canada serve two purposes. The first is to evaluate the performance of its employees. This allows the organization to show the employee where they stand relative to the objectives and standards of the company. The second purpose of performance appraisals is development. It involves assisting in the training and continued development of the personnel. The manager and subordinate are able to identify any performance obstacles and any training needs. Ms. De Rosa states that, ?performance appraisals at our company are not so much a disciplinary function, but one that the employees need to be aware of their weakness and improve them.? Hence, the organization is able to document past performances and predict future performances. Upon being hired each employee is subject to a three month proba tionary period. After successful completion of the probationary period, the organization conducts semi-annual performance reviews. Ms. De Rosa states that, ?one would hope that performance appraisals are done on a more regular basis, but due to limitations of time and funds we merely do them formally twice a year.? These appraisals are usually conducted by a manager and the supervisor. The subordinates are not only evaluated based on their sales performance but a personal evaluation is conducted. In the personal evaluation the subordinates are evaluated based upon tardiness, attitudes with customers, team spirit and co-operation. Bigi Canada Ltd. finds that performance appraisals serve an important function in the success of their organization. Compensation and benefits is another important aspect of the human resources department of Bigi Canada. These compensation and benefit systems help attract talented and qualified personnel and helps the organization retain them. Also, it moti vates the employees to put forth every ounce of effort while working. These systems are attractive and competitive in the industry, therefore Bigi Canada becomes a more desirable workplace. The base compensation with the organization meets the Ontario Employee Standards Act. Part-time and full-time employees receive minimum wage, which presently stands a $6.85. The starting salary for all managerial positions is $24 000. An added incentive for the employees is the fact that Bigi Canada offers commission on top of hourly wages. The way that the commission policy works is that the employees earn one percent on their total sales until $1800, if their sales exceed $1800 they earn two percent commission. This system motivates employees to maintain their quotas. As Antionetta De Rosa states, ?the employees are receiving an extra incentive for simply doing the job they are getting paid to do. Its really quite nice.? Reasonable staff discounts are also offered by the company. Each staff mem ber is entitled to 35% discount off the lowest marked price after the three month probationary period. Bonuses are also offered by the company to the highest sales performance within each store. They are distributed bi-monthly, in the amount of $50. Ms. De Rosa explains that, ?The bonuses that the company offers rewards the top seller in each location. It sort of spurs a competition between the employees.? These factors all motivate the employee to increase their sales. Hence, making Bigi Canada an attractive place for employment is important. The benefits that the company offers its full-time employees also make Bigi Canada an attractive work place. The employees receive full coverage on all prescriptions, 80% of dental care is covered and life insurance is offered. The coverage also extends to spouses and dependent children as well. The way that the benefit package works is that a percentage of pay is deducted bi-monthly to cover these medical plans. Although Bigi Canada does not indeed meet the standards set by legislation such as the Employment Standards Act, it does not surpass these standards. It offers exactly what the competition offers. According to Statistics Canada, ?the average wage of a retailer employee per week is $660.15.? (Statistics Canada) The average pay of an employee at Bigi Canada is $440. Though Bigi Canada is offering the standard salary, it seems that on average they exceed the standards in order to attract highly skilled employees. The policies for promotion and terminating employment are also under the control of the human resources department. Promotions within the company are made by consulting the managers in the organization. Here they can elect a subordinate who has show high sales performance, and whom has the qualities necessary for the position. The individual then must undergo a performance appraisal. Throughout this evaluation not only is their performance evaluated but they are evaluated personally as well. This identifie s the employees goals and objectives for the future. Upon completion of the evaluation, a decision is made on whether a merit increase is earned. Usually as an individual is promoted within the organization, they do receive a merit increase. A supervisor must then complete an evaluation for the changing of position. It is this evaluation that the supervisor must ensure that all qualities and skills are present in order to adequately comply with job specifications. Procedures for terminating an employee comply with the Employee Standards Act. A system of progressive discipline in Bigi Canada. Under such a system, the penalties vary according to the severity of the disruption and the frequency of it. The employer must follow this procedure when disciplining an employee. The first warning is verbal, the second and the third ones are verbal as a second notice and the final warning is a written two-week termination notice given to the employee. If the employee chooses not to work for the two weeks then severance pay is given. Reasons for terminating employment range from: low sale performance, lack of motivation, conflicts of interests, theft and continued absenteeism. According to the Employment Standards Act, notice of termination depends on the period of time that the employee was working for the company. During the interview Ms. De Rosa did not specify and generalized the procedure. Once again although Bigi Canada meets the standards set out by the legislation, it by no way attempts to exceed them. Retirement policies within the organization is not a major concern because approximately 60% of its staff is grouped between the ages of 16- and 25 years. Notwithstanding, the company does offer some plans to its employees if they desire them. A small bi-monthly percentage of pay is transferred into a RRSP, which compounds over the years. Also, the company offers a program where they directly deposit a percentage of pay into additional RRSP investments. Since Bigi Ca nada is a solely owned enterprise they do not offer any ?golden handshakes? or sums of money to the employee upon retirement. Bigi Canada rates fairly poor in this category. It does not offer any sort of retirement plan that would attract qualified people to their company. Overall Bigi Canada Ltd.s human resource department is merely average. Bigi Canada complys within the standards set out by legislation. Likewise, they only change their policies when the competition does, in order to maintain a degree of competitiveness. They do not however take the initiative to make the standards in the retail industry. They fail to offer an enriching environment to their employees. Due to the aforementioned reasons Bigi Canada suffers from a high turnover rate. Although they are able to recruit the employees because they offer what every other retailer does, they have difficulty retaining them. Bigi Canada holds a defence strategy of social responsibility. They seek to protect their organizatio n by doing the minimum legally required. The company conforms to legislation and to the competitive market pressures. Hence, it can be stated that Bigi Canada offers what it does to its employees because of its external pressures. Thus, it must be stated that the company is socially responsible. Although, in the future efforts should try to be made to make their workplace more desirable and more than simply average. BIBLIOGRAPHYDe Rosa, Antionetta, personal interview, December 19, 1998. What Is Realism Essay Brenton, Bill. Management: The Competitive Advantage. Toronto: John Wiley ; Sons Canada Ltd., 1997. Ontario Labour and Employment Legislation. Ottawa: Canada Law Books Inc., 1997. Working In Ontario: An Employees Guide To Workplace Law. Ottawa: Ontario Ministry of Labour, 1996. Statistics Canada. Business

Painting Vincent Van Gogh, Bedroom in Arles Essay Example For Students

Painting: Vincent Van Gogh, Bedroom in Arles Essay The first one, kept at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam is painted in October 1888. About a year after, Van Gogh made two copies: one of which is the same size and is preserved today at the Art Institute of Chicago. The third one is currently at De Young Museum in San Francisco (but originally belongs to the Muss ©e doorways in Paris) and is smaller than the others. This Oil painting on a linen canvas represents Van Sagos tidy bedroom. Nothing lets us think that this is the room of a painter. We do not know this because he does not display his painting equipment. Nothing lies around, not even a paint tube in a corner or a brush. This bedroom seems to be for relaxation and not for his work as a painter. Here, he could finally forget his fatigue, have some comfort, sleep in peace. The bed is thus the dominant subject of the painting, suggesting the importance of comfort and rest. Ay painting his bedroom where everything is in its place, the painter may also want to show that he is a very neat man who cares tort himself, and who organizes his elite in a reasonable manner, In addition to the prominent bed, this room exudes quietness and expresses, absolute rest by its various shades. Indeed, the room has beautiful shiny colors. In Holland, where the painter was born, the weather is not always nice and the sky is therefore often gray _ Here however, there are multiple vibrant colors that certainly illustrate the happy life he had in France. Perhaps he had come to Arles for the sun and for him, it was an immense joy to live in such bright bedroom, bursting with colors. What is also fascinating about this piece of art is how the painter highlights the simplicity Of his bedroom through the medium Of color: he pale lilac walls, the floor of an old brown, the chairs and bed chrome yellow, the blood red cover, the orange little table and the blue basin, as the painter describes it. Van Gogh asserted that he wanted to express a complete rest by handling all these different shades. The color black, Which could be evocation a certain form of anguish. Is almost nonexistent in this painting. Only the frame of the mirror and windows is black. We wonder if this could mean that Van Gogh was afraid of his future and afraid to face up to reality. This is a possibility. In fact, despite the evidence of his happiness, present in this painting, Van Gogh was not married and many clues here let us think that he wished to be. Although the bedroom is very sparsely furnished and only contains essential items (which shows, in addition to the choice Of colors, a great simplicity), we notice that many of these objects go together in pairs (two pillows, NON chairs, NON portraits on the wall, NON drawings, and even two doors). Thus, this painting on canvas was perhaps his way of expressing his wish to meet someone and that his bedroom was arranged so as to welcome her. But because it was just him in this bedroom, he certainly felt less lonely by doubling the objects. Van Sagos painting consists almost entirely of straight lines. This is reminiscent of a childrens coloring which would have been filled in with color pencils, because the edges of objects are holder and their filling up seem almost slapdash, neglected. This elaborate post-impressionist design may be compared to such work as Georges Usurers A Sunday on Grandee latte (book p,370). .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5 , .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5 .postImageUrl , .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5 , .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5:hover , .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5:visited , .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5:active { border:0!important; } .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5:active , .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5 .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b94f95f60e04e05ae58f4927c36aaa5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Discussion on Georgia O'Keeffe's Paintings EssayBut whereas Van Gogh favored paintings composed of multiple thin brush strokes, Serrate preferred the use of the pointillism system, which consisted of applying color to the canvas in tiny dots. 3 In this painting of Serrate, the color also focuses on hues, There are numerous colors too, their contrast is intense, and the sun shine, like in the Van Sagos bedroom, tills the picture, suggesting happiness and tranquility. Like Van Gogh, Serrate played with repetitive forms (the parasols, people in profile, trees, and boats). People in this piece are rigid. In fact, they do not seem to move, but on the contrary, seem to be strangely paralyzed, paralleling the furniture of Van Sagos bedroom. Strangely, Van Sagos furniture seems to be even more alive than the people in the Caesuras painting. The two painters did not have the same approach when they decided which colors they wanted to illuminate their canvases; While Van Gogh was guided by his emotions and instant feelings, Serrate carefully analyzed the colors and meticulously calculated values. 3 But in both pieces, Van Gogh and Serrate express their sense of organization by making objects, forms, motifs and colors coherent.